diff --git a/notmuch/src/lib.rs b/notmuch/src/lib.rs
index 24266c6..65d7af2 100644
--- a/notmuch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/notmuch/src/lib.rs
@@ -503,15 +503,28 @@ impl Notmuch {
         self.tags_for_query("*")
     }
 
-    #[instrument(skip_all, fields(tag=tag,search_term=search_term))]
     pub fn tag_add(&self, tag: &str, search_term: &str) -> Result<(), NotmuchError> {
-        self.run_notmuch(["tag", &format!("+{tag}"), search_term])?;
+        self.tags_add(tag, &[search_term])
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip_all, fields(tag=tag,search_term=?search_term))]
+    pub fn tags_add(&self, tag: &str, search_term: &[&str]) -> Result<(), NotmuchError> {
+        let tag = format!("+{tag}");
+        let mut args = vec!["tag", &tag];
+        args.extend(search_term);
+        self.run_notmuch(&args)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    #[instrument(skip_all, fields(tag=tag,search_term=search_term))]
     pub fn tag_remove(&self, tag: &str, search_term: &str) -> Result<(), NotmuchError> {
-        self.run_notmuch(["tag", &format!("-{tag}"), search_term])?;
+        self.tags_remove(tag, &[search_term])
+    }
+    #[instrument(skip_all, fields(tag=tag,search_term=?search_term))]
+    pub fn tags_remove(&self, tag: &str, search_term: &[&str]) -> Result<(), NotmuchError> {
+        let tag = format!("-{tag}");
+        let mut args = vec!["tag", &tag];
+        args.extend(search_term);
+        self.run_notmuch(&args)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/nm.rs b/server/src/nm.rs
index a2c8050..22bfbee 100644
--- a/server/src/nm.rs
+++ b/server/src/nm.rs
@@ -982,6 +982,8 @@ pub async fn label_unprocessed(
     } else {
         &ids[..]
     };
+    let mut add_mutations = HashMap::new();
+    let mut rm_mutations = HashMap::new();
     for id in ids {
         let id = format!("id:{id}");
         let files = nm.files(&id)?;
@@ -1001,20 +1003,63 @@ pub async fn label_unprocessed(
                         .get_first_value("subject")
                         .expect("no subject header")
                 );
-            } else {
-                for t in &add_tags {
-                    nm.tag_add(t, &id)?;
-                }
-                if add_tags.contains("spam") || add_tags.contains("Spam") {
-                    nm.tag_remove("unread", &id)?;
-                }
-                if !add_tags.contains("inbox") {
-                    nm.tag_remove("inbox", &id)?;
-                }
-                nm.tag_remove("unprocessed", &id)?;
+            }
+            for t in &add_tags {
+                //nm.tag_add(t, &id)?;
+                add_mutations
+                    .entry(t.to_string())
+                    .or_insert_with(|| Vec::new())
+                    .push(id.clone());
+            }
+            if add_tags.contains("spam") || add_tags.contains("Spam") {
+                //nm.tag_remove("unread", &id)?;
+                let t = "unread".to_string();
+                rm_mutations
+                    .entry(t)
+                    .or_insert_with(|| Vec::new())
+                    .push(id.clone());
+            }
+            if !add_tags.contains("inbox") {
+                //nm.tag_remove("inbox", &id)?;
+                let t = "inbox".to_string();
+                rm_mutations
+                    .entry(t)
+                    .or_insert_with(|| Vec::new())
+                    .push(id.clone());
+            }
+            //nm.tag_remove("unprocessed", &id)?;
+            let t = "unprocessed".to_string();
+            rm_mutations
+                .entry(t)
+                .or_insert_with(|| Vec::new())
+                .push(id.clone());
+        } else {
+            if add_tags.is_empty() {
+                let t = "Grey".to_string();
+                add_mutations
+                    .entry(t)
+                    .or_insert_with(|| Vec::new())
+                    .push(id.clone());
             }
         }
     }
+    println!("Adding {} distinct labels", add_mutations.len());
+    for (tag, ids) in add_mutations.iter() {
+        println!("  {tag}: {}", ids.len());
+        if !dryrun {
+            let ids: Vec<_> = ids.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+            nm.tags_add(tag, &ids)?;
+        }
+    }
+    println!("Removing {} distinct labels", rm_mutations.len());
+    for (tag, ids) in rm_mutations.iter() {
+        println!("  {tag}: {}", ids.len());
+        if !dryrun {
+            let ids: Vec<_> = ids.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+            nm.tags_remove(tag, &ids)?;
+        }
+    }
+
     Ok(())
 }
 fn find_tags<'a, 'b>(rules: &'a [Rule], headers: &'b [MailHeader]) -> (bool, HashSet<&'a str>) {